Workers&#039; participation https://etuclex.etuc.org/ fr The Professional Trades Union for Prison, Correctional and Secure Psychiatric Workers and Others (POA and Others) against the United Kingdom https://etuclex.etuc.org/cases/professional-trades-union-prison-correctional-and-secure-psychiatric-workers-and-others-poa <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--title--cases.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>The Professional Trades Union for Prison, Correctional and Secure Psychiatric Workers and Others (POA and Others) against the United Kingdom</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--uid--cases.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span>ttaylordipietr…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--created--cases.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2021-09-09T13:45:05+00:00" title="Thursday, September 9, 2021 - 13:45">Thu, 09/09/2021 - 13:45</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-inputs--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-inputs--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-inputs.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-inputs.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-inputs field-name-field-cases-inputs field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><p>This case was brought to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) by the representative association of prison officers (POA) to challenge the statutory ban on industrial action by all prison officers and the lack of adequate measures to compensate for the removal of this trade union right. The POA claimed that the ban amounted to an unjustified restriction of the right to freedom of association enshrined in Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).</p> <p>The ECtHR declared the application inadmissible due to the fact that the matter had already been submitted by the applicant to “another procedure of international investigation or settlement and contains no new information” as per Article 35(2)(b) of the ECHR. [Para 33]. The POA had in fact made a complaint before the International Labour Organisation (ILO) Committee on Freedom of Association (Committee) in 2004 alleging that the ban constituted a breach of the right to strike under ILO Convention No. 87. That Committee is considered to constitute another international procedure for the purposes of this admissibility criterion. [Para. 28].</p> <p>In 2005 the Committee submitted the following recommendations to the ILO Governing Body which proceeded to approve them:</p> <p>(a) Noting that the prison service is an essential service in the strict sense of the term where the right to strike can be restricted or even prohibited, the Committee requests the Government to take the necessary measures so as to establish appropriate mechanisms in respect of prisoner custody officers in private sector companies to which certain of the functions of the prison have been contracted out so as to compensate them for the limitation of their right to strike.</p> <p>(b) The Committee requests the Government to initiate consultations with the complainant and the prison service with a view to improving the current mechanism for the determination of prison officers’ pay in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. In particular, the Committee requests the Government to continue to ensure that:</p> <ul> <li>the awards of the Prison Service Pay Review Body are binding on the parties and may be departed from only in exceptional circumstances; and</li> <li>the members of the Prison Service Pay Review Body are independent and impartial, are appointed on the basis of specific guidance or criteria and have the confidence of all parties concerned.</li> </ul> <p>(c) The Committee requests to be kept informed of developments in respect of the above.” [Para 22].</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-checkbox-public--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-checkbox-public--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-checkbox-public.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-checkbox-public.html.twig * field--boolean.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-checkbox-public field-name-field-checkbox-public field-type-boolean field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">On</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-related-doc--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-related-doc--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-related-doc.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-related-doc.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-related-doc field-name-field-cases-related-doc field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/media/538/edit" hreflang="fr">ETUC and TUC submission - POA v. UK.pdf</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/media/539/edit" hreflang="fr">Statement of Facts - POA v UK.pdf</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-register-number--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-register-number--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-register-number.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-register-number.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-register-number field-name-field-cases-register-number field-type-string field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">59253/11</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-keyword--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-keyword--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-keyword.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-keyword field-name-field-cases-keyword field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/right-strike-and-collective-action" hreflang="fr">Right to strike and collective action</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/trade-union-rights" hreflang="fr">Trade union rights</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/workers-participation" hreflang="fr">Workers&#039; participation</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/collective-bargaining" hreflang="fr">Collective bargaining</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/freedom-association" hreflang="fr">Freedom of association</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-case-closed--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-case-closed--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-case-closed.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-case-closed.html.twig * field--boolean.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-case-closed field-name-field-cases-case-closed field-type-boolean field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">On</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-instrument--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-instrument--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-instrument.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-instrument.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-instrument field-name-field-cases-instrument field-type-string field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">European Convention on Human Rights</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-institution--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-institution--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-institution.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-institution.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-institution field-name-field-cases-institution field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/40" hreflang="fr">European Court of Human Rights</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-branch-of-law--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-branch-of-law--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-branch-of-law.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-branch-of-law.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-branch-of-law field-name-field-cases-branch-of-law field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/27" hreflang="fr">Collective labour law</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-judgement-date--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-judgement-date--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-judgement-date.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-judgement-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-judgement-date field-name-field-cases-judgement-date field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2014-05-21T12:00:00Z">Wed, 05/21/2014 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-final-judge--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-final-judge--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-final-judge.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-final-judge.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-final-judge field-name-field-cases-final-judge field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/media/537/edit" hreflang="fr">POA AND OTHERS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM.pdf</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cases-country--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-country--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-cases-country.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-cases-country.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-cases-country field-name-field-cases-country field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/171" hreflang="fr">United Kingdom</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-complete-title--cases--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-complete-title--cases.html.twig * field--node--field-complete-title.html.twig * field--node--cases.html.twig * field--field-complete-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-complete-title field-name-field-complete-title field-type-string field-label-above"> <div class="field-label">Complete title</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">POA and Others v UK</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Thu, 09 Sep 2021 13:45:05 +0000 ttaylordipietro@etuc.org 236 at https://etuclex.etuc.org European Commission proposal on the regulation of artificial intelligence https://etuclex.etuc.org/european-commission-proposal-regulation-artificial-intelligence <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--developement--rss.html.twig * field--node--title--developement.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--developement.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>European Commission proposal on the regulation of artificial intelligence</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-development-summary--developement--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-development-summary--developement.html.twig * field--node--field-development-summary.html.twig * field--node--developement.html.twig * field--field-development-summary.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-development-summary field-name-field-development-summary field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><p>On 21 April 2021, the European Commission presented its long-awaited proposal on the regulation of artificial intelligence</p> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--developement--rss.html.twig * field--node--uid--developement.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--developement.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span>ttaylordipietr…</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--developement--rss.html.twig * field--node--created--developement.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--developement.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2021-07-01T14:19:24+00:00" title="Thursday, July 1, 2021 - 14:19">Thu, 07/01/2021 - 14:19</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-development-category--developement--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-development-category--developement.html.twig * field--node--field-development-category.html.twig * field--node--developement.html.twig * field--field-development-category.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-development-category field-name-field-development-category field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1" hreflang="fr">European</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-developement-keyword--developement--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-developement-keyword--developement.html.twig * field--node--field-developement-keyword.html.twig * field--node--developement.html.twig * field--field-developement-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-developement-keyword field-name-field-developement-keyword field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/artificial-intelligence" hreflang="fr">Artificial intelligence</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/right-privacy" hreflang="fr">Right to privacy</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/digitalisation" hreflang="fr">Digitalisation</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/trade-union-rights" hreflang="fr">Trade union rights</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/workers-participation" hreflang="fr">Workers&#039; participation</a></div> <div class="field-item"><a href="/keywords/human-rights" hreflang="fr">Human rights</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-developement-content--developement--rss.html.twig * field--node--field-developement-content--developement.html.twig * field--node--field-developement-content.html.twig * field--node--developement.html.twig * field--field-developement-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-node--field-developement-content field-name-field-developement-content field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--paragraph-content-body--default.html.twig x paragraph--paragraph-content-body.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/paragraph/paragraph--paragraph-content-body.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--paragraph-content-body paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-parag-body-content--title--paragraph-content-body--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-parag-body-content--title--paragraph-content-body.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-parag-body-content--title.html.twig * field--paragraph--paragraph-content-body.html.twig * field--field-parag-body-content--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-paragraph--field-parag-body-content__title field-name-field-parag-body-content__title field-type-string field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">The Commission&#039;s proposal for a regulation on Artificial Intelligence fails to address the workplace dimension</div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </h2> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-paragraph-content-body--paragraph-content-body--default.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-paragraph-content-body--paragraph-content-body.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-paragraph-content-body.html.twig * field--paragraph--paragraph-content-body.html.twig * field--field-paragraph-content-body.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field-wrapper field-paragraph--field-paragraph-content-body field-name-field-paragraph-content-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><p>On 21 April 2021, the European Commission presented its proposal on the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI), an important element of the regulatory package announced by European Commission’s Executive Vice-President, Margrethe Vestager, which builds on the 2020 White Paper process in which the ETUC was also involved.</p> <p><strong>The risk-based methodology adopted is questionable</strong></p> <p>The proposed regulation adopts a ‘high-risk approach’. As such, it proposes a distinction between uses of AI that create unacceptable risk (which are prohibited); uses that create high risk (which are allowed where specific requirements are met); and uses with minimal or low risk (which are allowed, mostly unconditionally).</p> <p>This approach is questionable as risks may vary depending on the use of a given application. The AI regulation lists high-risk applications that are subject to certain mandatory requirements and calls for conformity assessment procedures as a part of those obligations. The ETUC emphasises that these assessments will not provide the neutrality required for a sound evaluation of the potential implications of AI systems. At the minimum, the conformity assessment of AI systems used for ‘employment, workers’ management and access to self-employment’ must be carried out by an authorised third party. A combination of ex-ante compliance and ex-post enforcement mechanisms is recommendable. Additionally, regulatory sandboxes should not be allowed for AI systems to be deployed at the workplace.</p> <p><br /> <strong>The worker dimension is not adequately addressed and the role of Trade Unions needs to be strengthened</strong></p> <p>The proposed regulation fails to address the specificity of AI uses in employment, including platform work. The EU Commission should ensure that trade unions and workers’ representatives participate actively in the building of AI at work, which is essential to achieve a robust AI framework that guarantees the protection of workers’ rights, quality jobs, and investment in worker’s AI literacy.</p> <p>The AI regulation only considers a limited number of AI applications such as recruitment, task allocation and evaluation of workers. The ETUC believes that any AI system implemented in the workplace and the data selected to contribute to the system should be considered high risk and be subject to the scrutiny of competent authorities and trade unions through the established legislation. When AI systems are to be integrated in any degree at the workplace, the existing legal framework on the right of workers to information, consultation and participation shall be part of the mandatory compliance obligations.</p> <p><br /> <strong>AI should be governed by a democratic process and standards should reflect European values and specificities</strong></p> <p>The Commission gives importance to standardisation insofar as technical standards will be used to demonstrate compliance with the essential requirements set out and required in the Regulation. However, it is widely acknowledged that most national and European standardisation organisations are characterised by an important democratic deficit. The ETUC advocates for the adoption of standards at European level and further insists on the autonomy of social partners and on the respect of collective agreements and social dialogue that could potentially be challenged by standards.</p> <p>Emerging technologies embed uncertain and unknown risks, that is why the precautionary and preventive approach needs to be part the regulatory framework. Adhering to the legal Precautionary Principle set up by the TFEU ensures that Europe secures and reinforces AI via its fundamental rules and values.</p> <p>The governance of AI should be a democratic process. To ensure a democratic governance system, that the rights of workers are protected when AI systems are implemented at the workplace, trade unions should be part of the governance of the board. Other forms of consultations, such as expert groups, will result in the deterioration of the existing workers’ information and consultation rights. Moreover, the AI board proposed by the EC regulation does not provide for the independency needed for the monitoring of AI systems under the compass of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights.</p> <p><strong>ETUC demands</strong></p> <p>Based on its assessment, the ETUC sets forth the following demands for the AI regulation:</p> <ol> <li>The AI regulation should address the need for inclusive and democratic governance and clear rules securing greater protection of workers.</li> <li>Classify AI applications impacting workers’ rights and working conditions as high-risk and subject to appropriate regulation.</li> <li>Guarantee AI systems in which humans remain in control, which is compliant with labour rights and a sound use of personal data. Trade unions and workers’ representatives must be key actors in developing and implementing AI systems.</li> <li>Strengthen the application of GDPR to the workplace reality including the active involvement of social partners to strengthen industrial democracy.</li> <li>Social dialogue structures, collective bargaining, information, consultation and participation of trade unions and workers’ representatives are key to providing the necessary support for workers to better build and be part of the uptake and monitoring of AI used at the workplace.</li> <li>Guarantee the application of the precautionary principle should be a core action to tackling uncertain AI risks.</li> </ol> <p>The ETUC assessment of the Commission’s proposal is based on the <a href="https://www.etuc.org/en/document/resolution-european-strategies-artificial-intelligence-and-data">comprehensive position</a> on European strategies on AI adopted by the ETUC Executive Committee on 2 July 2020.</p> <p>For more information on the topic, please refer to the recent ETUI publication <a href="https://www.etui.org/publications/ai-regulation-entering-ai-regulatory-winter">The AI Regulation: entering an AI regulatory winter?</a>, the <a href="https://www.etuc.org/en/document/commissions-proposal-regulation-artificial-intelligence-fails-address-workplace-dimension">ETUC’s press release</a> and the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1623335154975&amp;uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0206">Commission’s proposal</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/paragraph/paragraph--paragraph-content-body.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/etuclex_theme/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Thu, 01 Jul 2021 14:19:24 +0000 ttaylordipietro@etuc.org 207 at https://etuclex.etuc.org