Competition — National legislation allowing only 'recognised dockers‘ to perform certain dock duties — Meaning of 'undertaking‘ — Special or exclusive rights
As held by the CJEU in Becu , dockers performing work “for and under the direction of each of those undertakings” were not precluded from concluding collective agreements, because they were “incorporated into the undertakings concerned and thus form[ed] an economic unit with each of them” and therefore did not “in themselves constitute ‘undertakings’ within the meaning of Community competition law” (§ 26).
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